Manuel Ojea Rúa es Catedrático de Orientación Educativa (3492563057A0511), Doctor en Psicología- Pedagogía por la Universidad de Vigo. Pertenece al Grupo Investigación PS1 de la Universidad de Vig..CO de Psicología: GX05862. Presidente del Instituto- Autismo (CIF: G-44568509). Es autor de 55 libros y 211 artículos en revistas científícas nacionales e internacionales. Especializado en neuropsicología del desarrolo. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-2520. MAIL: moxea@uvigo.gal.
Thursday, 29 December 2022
ANÁLISIS DIFERENCIAL ENTRE LA POBLACIÓN NORMOTÍPICA Y PERSONAS CON AUTISMO EN RELACIÓN CON LA COMORBILIDAD SINTOMÁTICA ASOCIADA
Tuesday, 13 December 2022
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTIVE AND PSYCHOMOTOR RELATIONSHIPS IN STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTIVE AND PSYCHOMOTOR RELATIONSHIPS IN STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
PhD. Manuel Ojea Rúa
DOI: 10.1177/1362361319885215
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the relationship between symptomatic groups that make up the diagnosis of people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the motor structure themselves to design a global intervention program facilitating integrated psychosocial development.
A total of 28 participants with ASD participated in this experimental study. Correlation analysis observed to three variables- dimensions: diagnostic, cognition and psychomotor variables show significant data regarding interactions between to three dimensions statistically calculated. So variables of diagnostic dimension correlate with cognitive variables (r= .896) and with psychomotor dimension (r= 682). Likewise, cognitive dimension correlate significantly with motor dimension (r= .766). Finally, it´s designed an integral systemic psychoeducational program to facilitate global development of people with ASD.
KEYWORDS
Psychomotor skills, cognitive- perceptive, social communication, autism spectrum disorder.
REFERENCES
Bremer, E., & Lloyd, M. (2016). School-based fundamental motor-skill intervention for children with autism-like characteristics: An exploratory study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 33(1), 66–88. https://doi.org/10.1123/ APAQ.2015-000
Bremer, E., & Lloyd, M. (2021). Baseline behaviour moderates movement skill intervention outcomes among young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism, 25(7), 2025-2033. DOI: 10.1177/13623613211009347
Bruininks, R. H. (1978). Bruininks- Oseretsky Test of Motor Prociency: Examiner’s Manual. American Guidance Service.
Bruininks, R., & Bruininks, B. (2005). Bruininks- Oseretsky Test of Motor Prociency: Manual (2nd). Pearson Assessment. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Motor-Sensory/Bruininks-Oseretsky-Test-of-Motor-Proficiency-%7C-Second-Edition/p/100000648.html
Center for Modern Psychology (2021). Physical Health Challenges. Them designed by CPOT Themes.http://www.centreformodernpsychology.com/service/physical-health-challenges/
Crippa, A., Craig, F., Ceccarelli, S. B., Mauri, M., Grazioli, S, Scionti, N. … & Nobile, M. (2021). A multimethod approach to assessing motor skills on boys and girls with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism, 25(5), 1461-1491.
https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613219956
Downey, R., & Rapport, M. J. K. (2012). Motor activity in children with autism: A review of current literature. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 24, 2–20. DOI:10.1097/PEP.0b013e31823db95f
Falcone, C., Mevises, N. Y., Hong, T., Dufour, B., Chen, X., Noctor, S. C., e Martínez Cerdeño, V. (2021). Neuronal and glial cell number is altered in a cortical layer-specific manner in autism. Autism, 25(8) 2238- 2253.
DOI: 10.1177/13623613211014408
Gilliam, J. E. (2006). Gilliam Rating Scale on Autism (2nd). Madrid: Psymtec.
Gladfelter, A., Johnson, E., & Odeh, Ch. (2020). Parent perception of social behaviors associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder are related to motor skills. Communication Disorders Quartely, 41(3), 193- 196.
https://doi.org/10.1177/152574011986461
Green, D., Charman, T., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Simonoff, E., & Baird, G. (2009). Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51, 311- 316. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03242.x
Happè, F (1999). Autism: cognitive deficit or cognitive style? Trends Cogn Sci, 3, 216-22. DOI: 10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01318-2
Landa, R., & Garrett- Mayer, E. (2006). Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: A prospective study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 629–638. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01531.x
LeBarton, E. S., & Iverson, J. M. (2016). Associations between gross motor and communicative development in at-risk infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 44, 59–67. DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.05.003
Liu, T., Capistran, J., & ElGarhy, S. (2021). Autism Spectrum Disorder. Fine and gross motor competence in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Physical Educator, 78, 227-241. DOI: https://js.sagamorepub.com/pe/article/view/9644
Ojea, M., & Tellado, F. (2018). Semantic Integration Evaluation Scale (SIS) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology, 1(3), 1-6. https://irispublishers.com/oajap/pdf/OAJAP.MS.ID.000514.pdf
Portellanos, J. A., Mateos, R., Martínez, R., Tapia, A., & Granados, M. J. (2002). Neuropsychological Maturity Questionnaire. Madrid: TEA. https://web.teaediciones.com/Neuropsychology.aspx
Provost, B., Lopez, B. R., & Heimerl, S. (2007). A comparison of motor delays in young children: Autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and developmental concerns. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 37, 321–328. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-006-0170-6
Ruggeri, A., Dancel, A., Johnson, R., & Sargent, B. (2020). The effect of motor and physical intervention on motor outcomes of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review. Autism, 24(3), 544- 568.
Saturday, 26 November 2022
TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA: MANUAL DE DIAGNÓSTICO
TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA: MANUAL DE DIAGNÓSTICO (ISBN: 978-84-125192-4-2) (D.LEGAL: A567-2022)
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: DIAGNOSTIC HANDBOOK
EDITORIAL CLUB UNIVERSITARIO (ALICANTE, 2022)
MAIL: editorial@ecu.fm
ADQUIRIR EL LIBRO
Saturday, 22 October 2022
Thursday, 20 October 2022
PRESENTACIÓN DE LA ESCALA TID- TEA DE DIAGNÓSTICO DEL AUTISMO
ESCALA TID-TEA PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DEL TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA
El instrumento ha sido presentado ayer, 19 de octubre de 2022, en la Sala da Grados de la Universidad de Vigo (Campus de Ourense) con la presencia del profesor Antonio González y al autor de la Escala Manuel Ojea.
Sunday, 11 September 2022
SCALE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ISD-ASD)
Integrated Scale for Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ISD-ASD).
International Journal for Innovation, Education and Research, 10(9), 202-274.
Manuel Ojea Rúa
SEE FULL ARTICLE
Abstract
These theoretical-experimental antecedents, this study attempts advance iver research line regarding build an integrated analysis scale that facilitates ASD´ specific diagnosis, based on disorder criteria, from evolu-tive-behavioral items and perceptual-cognitive criteria integrated into single diagnostic scale, whose main aims are following: 1) facilitate the statistical probability for ASD specific diagnosis, and 2) specify the empir-ical probability to ASD´level according to DSM-5 Intl classification.
Integrated Experimental Scale (ISD-ASD) made up of six dimensions which integrate development evolutive, behavior, social and communication abilities with variables regarding psycho- neurological perceptual-cog-nitive information processing: developing, communication, interaction, behavior, attention and cognition.
A total of 124 participants of three ASD levels, belonging nine age intervals (y-o) and sex/gender way have been analyzed to experimentally justify the Scale. Results increasingly show the effectiveness of the diagnosis of ASD. Thus, total mean of six dimensions of this study found between 5.77- 7.88 belong to ASD level-1, between 7.88- 9.01 to ASD level-2 level and a score ≥ 9.02 would correspond to ASD level -3.
Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Specific Scale, Autism Test.
Tuesday, 9 August 2022
ANÁLISIS DIFERENCIAL DE LAS DIMENSIONES QUE CONFORMAN LOS TRES NIVELES DEL TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Differential Analysis of Diagnostic Dimensions Regarding To Level of the Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ojea, M. (2022)
ABSTRACT
Weighted sum of scores found over behavioral and perceptual-cognitive dimensions allow set to specific differential diagnosis with high reliability rating for currently three levels of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Indeed, a total of 124 people with ASD have participated in this study, 81 with ASD level- 1, 25 with ASD level2 and 18 with ASD level- 3 to aim the observations along six basic dimensions that make up disorder basic diagnosis: development, communication, interaction, behavior, attention and cognition. Differential data found by means of t test for independent samples allows conclude there´re significant differences relating the ASD level. Therefore it´s possible establish differential averages for each ASD level beginning p frequencies analysis regarding to total means, being ASD level- 1: between 5.77 and 7.88, ASD level- 2: between 7.89 and 9.01 and ASD level- 3: ≥ 9.02.
KEY WORDS
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Perception- Cognition, ASD´ levels, DSM-5.
Tuesday, 26 July 2022
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN PERCEPTIVE-COGNITIVE FACTORS AND BEHAVIORAL VARIABLES TO DIAGNOSIS OF PEOPLE WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
PDF COMPLETO
Relationships analysis between perceptual-cognitive factors and behavioural variables it make up autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differential specific diagnosis, constitute a fundamental recurrent of currently research, then found data allow the construction of integrated evaluation scales to validate more complete and reliable diagnosis of people with ASD.
A total of 75 participants with ASD have participated in this study of three ASD´ intensity levels and different age intervals, from 3 years old.
Data analyses focused along study the factorial analysis determinant (KMO and Bartlett's test) statistic, as well as, bivariate correlations analysis for three dimensions calculated statistically: "processing", "social" and "behaviours", show significant critical inter-relational levels (Sig: .00), which allows conclude to existence of highly relationships between both variables groups and their practical applications for consequent, reliable and valid diagnosis process.
KEYWORDS
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diagnosis, Cognitive Processing.
REFERENCES
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Arlington, VA.
https://psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
Baisa, A., Mevorach, C., & Shalev, L. (2021). Hierarchical processing in ASD is driven by exaggerated salience effects, not local bias. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(2), 666-676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04578-1
Bathelt, J., & Geurts, H.M. (2021). Difference in default mode network subsystems in autism across childhood and adolescence. Autism, 25(2) 556-565. DOI:10.1177/1362361320969258
Bennett, T. A., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, K., Hanna, S., Janus, M., Georgiades, S., ... & Thomson, A. (2015). Do reciprocal associations exist between social and language pathways in preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(8), 874-883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12356
Botting, N., & Adams, C. (2005). Semantic and inferencing abilities in children with communication disorders. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 40(1), 49-66. http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&id=R092EJRQC636XB1F
Brignell, A., Williams, K., Jachno, K., Prior, M., Reilly, S., & Morgan, A. T. (2018). Patterns and predictors of language development from 4 to 7 years in verbal children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(10), 3282-3295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3565-2
Buckner, R. L., & DiNicola, L. M. (2019). The brain’s default network: Updated anatomy, physiology and evolving insights. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 20(10), 593-608. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-019-0212-7
Cain, K., & Oakhill, J. (Eds.) (2007). Children's comprehension problems in oral and written language: A cognitive perspective. Challenges in language and literacy. New York, NY: Guilford Publications. http://www.guilford.com
Eigsti, I.M., & Irvine, Ch.A. (2021). Verbal mediation of theory of mind in verbal adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Language acquisition, 28(2), 195-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2021.1877705
Falck-Ytter, T., Nyström, P., Gredebäck, G., Gliga, T., & Bölte, S. (2018). Reduced orienting to audiovisual synchrony in infancy predicts autism diagnosis at 3 years of age. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(8), 872-880. DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12863
Kelley, E., Paul, J. J., Fein, D., & Naigles, L. R. (2006). Residual language deficits in optimal outcome children with a history of Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(6), 807-828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0111-4
Lawrence, C., Collyer, E., & Poulson, M. (2021). “Howling at the scrabble-board”: exploring classroom literature from an autistic viewpoint. Research Journal of the National Association for the Teaching of English, 55(2), 164-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/04250494.2020.1801345
Mayer, J. L. (2017). The relationship between autistic traits and atypical sensory functioning in neurotypical and ASD adults: A spectrum approach. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(2), 316-327. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2948-5
McCormick, C., Hepburn, S., Young, G. S., & Rogers, S. J. (2016). Sensory symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder, other developmental disorders and typical development: A longitudinal study. Autism, 20(5), 572-579. DOI: 10.1177/1362361315599755
Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulieres, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006). Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update the eight principles of autistic perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 27-43. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7
Nyström, P., • Jones, E., Darki, F., Bölte, S., & Falck‑Ytter, T. (2021). Atypical Topographical Organization of Global Form and Motion Processing in 5‑Month‑Old Infants at Risk for autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51, 364-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04523-2
Nyström, P., Gliga, T., Jobs, E. N., Gredebäck, G., Charman, T., Johnson, M. H., … & Falck-Ytte, T. (2018). Enhanced pupillary light reflex in infancy is associated with autism diagnosis in toddlerhood. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1678.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03985-4.pdf
Ojea, M. (2018). RELATE program. Development of conceptual categories in students with autism spectrum disorders. Madrid: Pirámide. https://www.edicionespiramide.es/libro.php?id=5151744
Ojea, M., & Tellado, M. (2018). Semantic Integration Evaluation Scale (SIS) for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology, 1(3), 1-6. (2018). https://irispublishers.com/oajap/pdf/OAJAP.MS.ID.000514.pdf
Padmanabhan, A., Lynch, C. J., Schaer, M., & Menon, V. (2017). The default mode network in autism. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 2(6), 476-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.04.004
Penner, M., Anagnostou, E., Andoni, L. Y., & Ungar, W. J. (2018). Systematic review of clinical guidance documents for Autism Spectrum Disorder, diagnostic assessment in select regions. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 22(5), 517-527.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316685879
Robertson, C. E., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017). Sensory perception in autism. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18(11), 671.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2017.112
Stothers, M. E., Cardy, J., & Oram (2012). Oral language impairments in developmental disorders characterized by language strengths: A comparison of Asperger Syndrome and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 519-534.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.07.013
Uljarević, M., Baranek, G., Vivanti, G., Hedley, D., Hudry, K., & Lane, A. (2017). Heterogeneity of sensory features in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges and perspectives for future research. Autism Research, 10(5), 703-710. DOI: 10.1002/aur.1747
Wigham, S., Rodgers, J., South, M., McConachie, H., & Freeston, M. (2015). The interplay between sensory processing abnormalities, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(4), 943-952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2248-x
Wednesday, 6 July 2022
HACIA LA MEJORA DE LAS ESCALAS DE DIAGNÓSTICO DEL TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA
DIAGNÓSTICO ESPECÍFICO DEL TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA)
Los instrumentos actualmente mejor validados empíricamente para la detección diagnóstica del TEA son, en efecto, la Entrevista para el Diagnóstico del Autismo- Revisada ADI-R (Rutter et al., 2003) y la Prueba o Test de Observación del Diagnóstico del Autismo (2ª ed.) (ADOS-2) (Lord et al., 1994; Lord et al., 1999), publicado por el Western Psychological Services. Sin embargo, ambas pruebas realizan una medición ajustada a los criterios específicos del TEA indicados por la Clasificación Internacional DSM- IV (4ª ed.) publicados por la APA (2000), así como en relación con los criterios de la Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades CIE-10 (10ª revisión) (OMS, 2004), pero no se centran específicamente en los criterios de los grupos diagnósticos actualmente vigentes por la Clasificación Internacional DSM-V (5ª ed.) (APA, 2013), lo cual está generando en la clínica actual un margen de error significativo en los procesos de detección si solo se limitan a la observación conductual; y, además, lo que es más importante, es que desde la publicación de los actuales criterios concurrentes de la Clasificación de la 5ª edición, la investigación científica ha avanzado en términos de diagnóstico diferencial, de forma que las escalas exclusivamente basadas en criterios conductuales y/o de observación comportamental y/o emocional ya no parecen herramientas suficientes, que garanticen una fiabilidad y validez diagnóstica significativa del trastorno. Por este motivo, la investigación actual se centra en la búsqueda de nuevas Escalas de medida que incoporen los modelos explicativos del procesamiento perceptivo- cognitivo de las personas con TEA, junto a los criterios conductuales existentes indicados por la Clasificación actual. Por esta razón, mi objetivo prioritario actual es ampliar los estudios para facilitar una Escala Integrada que fusione los criterios conductuales con los elementos cognitivos subyacentes, cuyos precursores son otras publicaciones parciales previas, tales como el proceso relacionado con la interconexión neural y la creación de nodos interrelacionados, así como la Escala de Integración Semántica, con vistas a la inminente publicación de Escalas Integradas amplias adaptadas a niveles de significación estadística del 95% en términos de probabilidad para el diagnóstico clínico del trastorno.
Wednesday, 1 June 2022
FALLOS EN LAS CONEXIONES SINÁPTICAS EN PERSONAS CON TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA
CREACIÓN DE INTERCONEXIONES Y NODOS EN LA ENTRADA Y SALIDA DE LA INFORMACIÓN #TEA
Las limitaciones sinápticas en los receptores GABA generan dificultades para establecer relaciones de inducción y deducción entre la información input- ouput en las personas con autismo, lo cual puede ser compensado mediante la realización de ejercicios prácticos de creación de redes neurales entre conceptos y categorías, con planes bien adaptados a la edad y el nivel curricular de los estudiantes.
Sunday, 22 May 2022
Comparative Analysis of Cognitive-Motor Development In People With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Comparative Analysis of Cognitive-Motor Development In People With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Manuel Ojea Rúa || Lucía Soto Escariz || Lydia Castro Núñez || Lourdes Belén Lamas Gómez|| Laura Fernández Rey | ||
Abstract: This research constitutes an experimental work with aim implement the comparative analysis offshore perceptual-cognitive and motor development in students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 40 students participated in this research, issued in three groups, an experimental group made up students with ASD (n= 16), a normotypical group (n= 15) and a group identified of other needs (n= 9), of different age ranges. Study analyze six variables: three perceptive- cognitive variables and three motor variables, what analyzed through non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results indicate there´re significant differences forwards study six variables, taking group way as distribution variable, according group type the participants belong; however, comparative data found are less homogeneous regarding different age intervals if age used as distribution variable. Correlations analysis between dimensional groups of cognitive variables, in relation to dimensional group of motor variables, show positive significant relational data found by Pearson correlation.
Key Words; Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cognition- Perception, Semantic Coding, Motor Development.
Wednesday, 18 May 2022
RESPUESTA EDUCATIVA A LAS REFUGIADOS/AS
RESPUESTA EDUCATIVA A LOS REFUGIADOS/AS
#UKRAINE EDUCATIONAL ANSWER TO REFUGEES@LaRegión- Xornal Escolar
Sunday, 1 May 2022
CUENTO: BRAIS Y SU GUITARRA
CUENTO ADAPTADO PARA NIÑOS Y NIÑAS PEQUEÑAS CON TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA
El cuento presenta una historia divertida, construida con una metodología secuencial, apoyada en nodos interneuronales, con el objetivo de facilitar la integración semántica de los contenidos y generar nexos entre conocimientos, cuyo fin último es permitir la codificación y la recuperación posterior de la información aprendida.
Disponible en EDITORIAL ALJIBE.
Wednesday, 13 April 2022
PRÓXIMO LIBRO EN EDITORIAL CLUB UNIVERSITARIO
EDITORIAL CLUB UNIVERSITARIO ha aceptado la publicación de mi próximo libro:
TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA: MANUAL DE DIAGNÓSTICO (AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL)
Wednesday, 16 March 2022
CONDUCTAS VIOLENTAS EN LA JUVENTUD
LA VIOLENCIA EN LA JUEVENTUD DESDE UNA PERSPECIVA SOCIO- SISTÉMICA
La Región, 16-3-2022
Saturday, 5 March 2022
Tuesday, 1 March 2022
DESARROLLO EVOLUTIVO EN ESTUDIANTES CON TEA A PARTIR DE LA CREACIÓN DE NODOS RELACIONALES ENTRE CONCEPTOS
https://doi.org/10.47191/rajar/v8i3.01
March 1, 2022
ABSTRACT
People with ASD present deficits to perceptual-cognitive neural relationships, which affect into perceptive- cognitive generalization processes, creativity, imagination, symbology, induction-deduction and conceptual-categorical understanding. However, DSM-5 classification basic diagnostic process just focus on behavioral symptoms criterial. For this reason, this research try answer following general aims: 1) verify Semantic Integration Scale (SIS) effectiveness to semantic perceptual-cognitive items measurement, 2) analyze hypothetical improvement along concepts and conceptual-categories understanding through relational link-nodes construction.
Results were found by multivariate comparative test of repeated measures and estimate- comparative post-hoc analysis. Pillai's Trace multivariate comparative specific test of repeated measures to Group* Program interaction indicates a significant critical level (Sig= .00), which allows conclude there´re significant differences between study groups (3), in which experimental group students that neural link-nodes learning get substantial improvement relating control groups (Sig= .00, Adjusted R squared= .316).
KEYWORDS
Autism Spectrum Disorder;, Conceptual-Categorical;, Perceptive-Cognitive;, Semantic-Memory.
REFERENCES
American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 2013. Arlington, VA.
Mazurek, M.O; Lu, F.; Macklin, E.A.; Handen, B.L. Factors associated with DSM-5 severity level ratings for autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2019, 23(2), 468- 476.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318755318
Buxbaum, J.D.; Baron-Cohen, S. DSM-5: the debate continues. Molecular Autism 2013, 4(1), 11. https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2040-2392-4-11
Stothers, M.E.; Cardy, J.; O. Oral language impairments in developmental disorders characterized by language strengths: a comparison of Asperger Syndrome and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2012, 6(1), 519-534.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.07.013
Constable, P.A.; Ring, M.; Gaigg, S.B.; Bowler, D.W. Problem-solving styles in autism spectrum disorder and the development of higher cognitive functions. Autism 2018, 22(5), 597- 608.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317691044
Vladusich, T.; Olu- Lafe, O.; Kim, D-S.; Tager- Flusberg, H.; , Grossberg, S. Prototypical category learning in high-functioning autism. Autism Research 2010, 3(5), 226- 236.
DOI: 10.1002/aur.148
Gastgeb, H.Z.; Strauss, M.S.; Minshew, N.J. Do individuals with autism process categories differently? The effect of typicality and development. Child Development 2006, 77(6), 1717-1729. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-21500-015
Kasirer, A.; Mashal, N. Verbal creativity in autism: comprehension and generation of metaphoric language in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and typical development. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2014, 8, 615.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25157225/
Lin, H-Y.; Ni, H-C.; Tseng, W-T.; Gau, S.S-F. Characterizing intrinsic functional connectivity in relation to impaired self- regulation in intellectually able male youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2020, 24(5) 1201- 1216.
DOI: 10.1177/1362361319888104
Eycke, K.D.; Müller, U. Drawing links between the autism cognitive profile and imagination: Executive function and processing bias in imaginative drawings by children with and without autism. Autism 2018, 22(2) 149- 160.
DOI: 10.1177/1362361316668293
Vygotsky, L.S. Imagination and creativity in childhood. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology 2004, 42(1), 7- 97. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10610405.2004.11059210
Kim, S.H.; Buzzell, G.; Faja, S.; Choi, Y.B.; Thomas, H.R.; Brito, N.H. … Fox, N. Neural dynamics of executive function in cognitively able kindergarteners with autism spectrum disorders as predictors of concurrent academic achievement. Autism 2020, 24(3) 780- 794. DOI: 10.1177/1362361319874920
Ojea, M.; Tellado, F. Semantic Integration Evaluation Scale (SIS) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Open Access Journal of Addiction and Psychology 2018, 1(3), 1-6. https://irispublishers.com/oajap/fulltext/semantic-integration-evaluation-scale-sis-for-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder.ID.000514.php
Kelley, E.; Paul, J.J.; Fein, D.; Naigles, L.R. Residual language deficits in optimal outcome children with a history of Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2006, 36(6), 807- 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0111-4
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