BOOK CHAPTER 2024

Comparative Study of Three Psycho-Socio- Educational Intervention Models to Facilitate the Comprehensive Development of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (https://stm.bookpi.org/DHRNI-V7/article/view/15916). In Ahmed Kamal Dyab, Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 7, 9 (pp. 138-159). BP International. 

https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v7/2440
ISBN 978-93-48119-82-7 (Print)
ISBN 978-93-48119-84-1 (eBook)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v7

Por Manuel Ojea Rúa

Abstract

The Psychosocial Mediation Model is not exclusive of the need for service provision, nor of the elaboration of specific programs, but it emphasizes professional and formative empowerment, in order to generate the competencies needed by teachers and families for adequately addressing students in their context, trying to provide a global response to demanding situations. This research consists of a comparative analysis of the results obtained in the development of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) found as a consequence of the application of three basic models of educational guidance: 1) the Psychosocial Mediation Model; 2) the Counselling Model; and 3) the Services Model, delivered through services developed over three years, distributed across three experimental groups corresponding to each of these guidance models.

A total of 18 students with ASD of different levels, ages, and genders participated in the study, assigned to one of the three following groups: a social mediation model group, a counselling model group, and a services model group.

A study of the data was undertaken by analysing the multivariate contrasts of repeated measures ANOVA for a factor of three measures, both for the variable group types (three groups), as well as for the participants’ level, age, and gender variables.

Results show the statistically significant benefits of the social mediation model. Indeed, data found over three successive measurements indicate that in the third comparative measure, the Psychosocial Mediation Model shows comparative improvements, corroborated by significantly higher statistical means in regard to the other educational models, being mean for the Psychosocial Mediation Model (µ: 4.00), in relation to the control models, the Counselling Model (µ: 2.66) and the Services Model (µ: 2.33), whose critical values are statistically significantly different between the three models. However, when the ASD level interacts with the intervention model applied, the differences found do not show significant critical statistics, mainly in ASD level-3. The neurocognitive processing levels will affect psychosocial integral development, both the learning process itself and the development of social interaction and communication skills and the positive development of restrictive behaviours observable in people with ASD.

Keywords: 

• Autism spectrum disorders
 
• educational counselling
 
• social mediation
 
• psychoeducational intervention.

PRESENTACIÓN DEL LIBRO: TEA, ROMPIENDO MUROS

 PRESENTACIÓN DEL LIBRO, 3-10-2024

SÍNTESIS DEL LIBRO EN EL PERIÓDICO LA REGIÓN, 2-10-2024

SUPERACIÓN DEL AUTISMO O DIAGNÓSTICO INICIAL ERRÓNEO

 

Proceso perceptual de superación del trastorno del espectro autista o diagnóstico inicial erróneo

Por M. Ojea , agosto 2024

Capítulo de libro publicado en "Autismo. Uma abordagem multiprofesional", vol. 3(2) (pp. 29- 43). Guarujá, São Paulo, Brasil: Editora Científica Digital Ltda. ISBN: 978-65-5360-729-3. DOI:   10.37885/240817331

Resumen

El Trastorno del Espectro Autista se caracteriza por la presencia de particularidades en las redes neurales de la transmisión flexible de la información, que afecta a los niveles perceptivo- cognitivos y socio- conductuales. Esta investigación constituye un Estudio de Caso Único longitudinal realizado a lo largo de 32 años, estructurado en cinco intervalos- fases evolutivas (0–4.5; 4.6–9: 9.1–12; 12.1–16.5; 16.6–32 años de edad), que confirma la importancia de la influencia de las redes neurales sobre las demás variables que engloban el grupo sintomático del trastorno. Los cambios sucesivos diferenciales a través de las cinco fases de análisis, en relación con las variables “perceptivo”, “social” y “conducta” del análisis, son altamente significativos, que han sido hallados mediante la prueba comparativa de Friedam, mientras que la variable “nodos” se mantiene constante, con un nivel 0 de dificultad. Asimismo, como muestra el análisis de correlación de Pearson, las variables evolutivas del desarrollo se relacionan mutuamente de forma significativa para un nivel de .01 de significación estadística. Las conclusiones permiten confirmar que la variable relativa a la elaboración de relaciones nodales “nodos” influye de manera decisiva en la mejora evolutiva del resto de las variables analizadas, modificando progresivamente el grupo sintomático del trastorno, por lo que se señala que las variables neuropsicológicas del procesamiento neuropsicológico de la información, especialmente, aquellas variables relacionadas con la capacidad de elaboración de redes relacionales del procesamiento deben ser analizadas exhaustivamente de forma complementaria a los criterios socio- conductuales, recogidos en las clasificaciones actuales, para evitar posibles errores iniciales en las conclusiones diagnósticas.

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REMODELACIÓN NEURONAL COMO FACTOR PREDICTOR DEL TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA

Neuronal Remodelling as a Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis

Manuel Ojea & Lydia Castro 

Agosto, 2024

Abstract

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are a neurodevelopmental symptom group characterized by significant deficits in information connectivity, mainly caused by specific genetic mutations affecting the fluency of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) system. This disruption, to a greater or lesser degree, hinders the interactive process of incoming stimuli with previously stored information, preventing working memory from fulfilling its role of facilitating access to information in permanent memory and later recovery. In addition to the genetic components, environmental processes occurring, above all, in early childhood, related to specific organic and severe psycho-emotional diseases can produce the same effects in the brain system as the genetic karyotypic component through the concept of neuronal remodelling. In this sense, this research aims to empirically show the influence of neuronal remodelling on the GABAergic pathway leading to the traits of autism spectrum behaviour.

A total of 175 participants from the three levels of ASD intensity have participated in this study. Data have been analysed through Linear Logistic Regression, which shows that both components, the genetic process and the environmental process, significantly influence the neural connective pathway that relates information, unlike other operationalized covariates, such as gender or age of the participants. Likewise, as shown by the Chi-Square Test, the interactions between genetic and environmental variables showed no differences in their interaction regarding the connectivity level that would explain the different levels of disorder. However, when there is a combination of genetic mutations in the diagnostic karyotype, there are significant differences between the genetic group and the environmental process over the neural network. 

Cite

Ojea, M., & Castro, L. (2024). Neuronal Remodelling as a Predictor of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 16(3), 74-75. DOI:10.5539/ijps.v16n3p74 https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijps/article/view/0/50560

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GENETICA Y REMODELACIÓN NEURONAL EN EL AUTISMO (GENETIC AND NEURONAL REMODELING IN AUTISM)

Genetic-Environmental Components Associated with the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder 

            European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology,4(3), 394-410, 2024. ISSN: 2786-4936.

https://ejsit-journal.com/index.php/ejsit/article/view/466

Por Lydia Castro y Manuel Ojea 

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ABSTRACT

The conceptual evolution of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from a propositional configuration is defined as a multilateral process of neurodevelopment, based on a particular process determined by the presence of pyramidal neurons, which show a dendritic increase of alterations in the system of neuronal connections, which form a regulatory network of pyramidal glutamatergic activity. The etiology is basically due to multiple possible genetic mutations or environmental processes which, in turn, may cause specific neuronal remodeling, determined by certain psycho-organic conditions, whose consequences are observed in the GABAergic cerebral connexional pathways.

The scope of this study is to verify the significance of factorial clustering that directly or indirectly affect the genetic mutation process as an explanatory basis for the etiology of autism spectrum disorder and, consequently, to be able to establish major empirical predictions about the presence of this disorder associated cluster.

A total of 116 participants with autism have collaborated in this study, elaborated from the factorial dimensional reduction of the independent variables, which have been factorially reduced to two factors: "Disease" and "GENETIC", as explanatory dimensions of the etiology of the autistic disorder formed by the variable "level" (levels 1-2-3) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) of the disorder. The study forms the analysis of groupings of belonging of the cases, according to the parametric statistical technique of hierarchical clustering through the Ward method, contrasted by means of an ordinal regression analysis of the logit link in order to elaborate the grouping of cases according to their particularities, which are corroborated by an ordinal regression analysis according to the logit calculation for the basic conceptual variable that configures the current neuropsychological development of autism, in relation to the capacity of elaboration of neural networks or nodes during information processing, which has been operationalized with the name of "nodes". Finally, comparative t-studies of the findings in both factors in relation to the variables sex and age of the participants were carried out.

The results concluded with the configuration of three differential clusters, which have been corroborated by a one-factor ANOVA analysis, which has indicated significant critical levels for the two factors (sig: .00). The contrasts of the ordinal regression analysis corroborated the goodness of fit of the factors as explanatory components of the etiology of the disorder (sig: .00), which have been duly corroborated by the ordinal regression analysis for these same etiological factors and the consequent statistical process of neural networks by means of the multilayer perceptron procedure. Likewise, no significant differential comparative t levels have been observed in the predictive results referring to the levels of the explanatory variance of the etiology of the diagnosis of autism as a function of the variables sex and age.