IMPORTANCIA DE LA MEMORIA FUENTE PARA EL APRENDIZAJE DE ALUMNOS Y ALUMNAS CON AUTISMO

DIARIO LA REGIÓN, 28/01/2026

 

Comparison between the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R) and the Perceptual Behavioural Precision Scale (PS-PC-ASD)

Comparison between the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R) and the Perceptual Behavioural Precision Scale (PS-PC-ASD) for the Diagnosis of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

PhD Manuel Ojea Rúa

European Modern Studies Journal, 9(6), 368-383

Abstract

Ojea (2023) has published a Perceptual-Behavioural Precision Scale (PS-PC-ASD) for the diagnosis of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are made up of three main domains weighted based on the number of items 
that each domain contains: 1) the perceptual-cognitive domain, 2) the social domain, and 3) the practical domain, in the aim of incorporating the measurement of cognitive values that involve the level of neuropsychological and biological processing of information, starting from the input of information of the sensory-perceptual memory into the semantic and episodic memory if possible, as well as the interconceptual relationships developed by the coding processes, which provide this access through working memory.

This study compared the data resulting from the ASD' diagnosis, found in accordance with the PS-PC-ASD Scale, in relation to the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R) (Rutter et al., 2003), which is based mainly on the basic criteria of the currently official International Classification of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013).

The main aim of this study is therefore to observe whether there're statistically significant differences in the diagnosis of people with ASD between the two Scales, the ADI-R Scale and the PS-PC-ASD Scale.

The comparative levels, found through the Wilcoxon statistical test, showed that there were significant differences in the diagnostic results of the participants, according to diagnostic Scale applied (sig: .00).

Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test found the variables of 'gender' and 'age' of the participants were interdependent for both Scales. Results didn't were shown significant differences in the variable ‘gender’ for the ADI-R Scale, non-significant critical levels were obtained (sig: .27), nor for the PS-PC-ASD Scale (sig: .81). However, when the PS-PC-ASD Scale was used, significant critical levels were observed for the variable ‘age’ (sig: .01), whereas in the ADI-R Scale, no statistically significant levels were found for ‘age’ variable (sig: .09).

Keywords: ASD, Diagnostic Scale, Cognition, Perception, Social, Behaviour, Neuropsychological Processing.

 Localización del Instituto de Investagaciones Científicas en Autismo, localizado en la Universidad de Vigo.

VALIDATION OF THE PRECISION SCALE PERCEPTIVE-COGNITIVE TO PEOLE WITH ASD DIAGNOSIS 'PS-PC-ASD'

Please, check the publication: https://ejtas.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1751

VALIDATION OF PRECISON SCALE PERCEPTIVE-COGNITVE TO PEOPLE WIHT ASD DIAGNOSIS 'PS-PC-ASD'

INTRODUCTION

Ojea, M. (2026). Validation of Precision Sale Perceptive-Cognitive to Peple with ASD diagnosis PS-PC-ASD'.  European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 147-168.

Ojea (2023) has published the Precision Scale Perceptivo- Cognitive (PS-PC-ASD), with the aim of determining the diagnosis of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which consists of three main weighted domains: 1) the perceptual-cognitive domain, 2) the social domain, and 3) the practical domain, in order to incorporate the measurement of cognitive neural values, which involve the level of neuropsychological and biological processing of information, from the input of information through perceptual sensory memory to semantic memory and its related episodic memory, as well as the development of interconceptual relationships that develop throughout the processes of information coding through working memory.

In this study, the PS-PC-ASD scale has been validated for a total of N: 346 participants, which is a significantly broad sample, being a highly specific group, of which 112 don’t have any specific diagnosis, 140 have a level 1 autism diagnosis, 67 have level 2, and 27 have level 3, as the International Classification of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013).

The comparative data, obtained using a one-way ANOVA test, as well as the subsequent transformation of all direct scores (DS) found in the observation questionnaire into typical scores (Z), were used to construct the three categorical dimensions with typified scores: 1) processing category, 2) social category, and 3) behavioural category, whose typical sum provides a highly accurate analysis of explanatory variance, analysed using stepwise linear regression analysis, in which the three dimensions exhibit significant critical levels explaining the diagnostic data within the three categories (sig: .00).

Finally, the correspondence of the total sum of typical scores found in accordance with the corresponding percentile, in intervals of five, the 50th percentile has corresponded to the typical average sum of -1.38, from which point a diagnosis compatible with autism can be definitively considered. From this percentile onwards, an increase in intensity implies greater severity in the diagnostic group for this disorder.

In essence, the initial data found for the construction of the Scale has been corroborated, concluding that the Diagnostic Precision scale is a highly effective and positive instrument for the specific diagnostic precision of individuals with ASD.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, diagnostic test, perception, cognition, semantic memory, source memory, episodic memory.

ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LOS MODELOS DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE EN ESTUDIANTES CON TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA

ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LOS MODELOS DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE EN ESTUDIANTES CON TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA. 

En B. Silva et al. XVIII Congresso Internacional de Psicopedagogía, 2025 (pp. 2083-2092). Braga (Portugal): Centro de Investigação em Educação, do Instituto de Educação, da Universidade do Minho  Universidade do Mihno.

Manuel Ojea Rúa

Resumen 

Conceptualmente, el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se define como una discapacidad relacionada con las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo, en relación con la vía de transmisión de la información a nivel cerebral, a través del sistema funcional del ácido gamma- aminobutírico o sistema GABAérgico, que es observado conductualmente a través de déficits manifiestos en el ámbito de la comunicación, la interacción social y los comportamientos repetitivos y restrictivos, como así está recogido por la Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades: DSM-5 (Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría (APA), 2013). La tasa prevalente, según los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades, se sitúa alrededor de 1/44 personas nacidas, en una proporción de 4 hombres por 1.5 mujeres. Pues bien, con el fin de analizar si existen diferencias significativas en la adquisición de competencias cognoscitivas y el desarrollo de las habilidades complejas cognitivas en los estudiantes con TEA, el diseño de esta investigación se ha basado en la realización de 30 encuestas en centros educativos regulares (N= 30), en los cuales se escolarizan estudiantes con TEA. Los datos han sido analizados mediante la prueba comparativa no paramétrica U de Mann-Wihtney. Las conclusiones indican que los estudiantes con TEA, que han seguido un modelo basado en proyectos cooperativos, mejoran sensiblemente en el ámbito psico- social y educativo, en relación con sus pares que han continuado una enseñanza tradicional de tipo magistral. Palabras- clave: Trastorno del espectro autista, desarrollo curricular, cognición, análisis relacional. 

Abstract 

Conceptually, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is made up of a disability regarding to neurodevelopmental disorders, relationship with the transmission pathway of information at brain level, through the functional system of gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABAergic system, which is observed through manifest deficits in the field of communication, social interaction and restrictive behaviours, as it´s included in the International Classification of Diseases: DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013), whose prevalence, according Center for Disease Control and Prevention, around 1/44 persons born has been reported with a ratio of 4 males to 1.5 females. In this research, in seeking to observe whether there're significant differences regarding the acquisition of cognitive competences and the development of complex cognitive abilities in students with ASD, the research design based on 30 interviews in regular educational centres (N=30), where students with ASD are schooled. Data found tested using the non-parametric Mann-Wihtney U Test. Conclusions indicate that students with ASD, who have followed a cooperative project-based model, improve significantly in the psycho-social and educational domains, regarding to their peers who have received a traditional master class teaching. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, curriculum development, cognition, relational analysis. 

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